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Vexillology is the scientific study of flags and related emblems. It is concerned with flag theory and development. All Mexican states have official coat of arms, which are often placed on a white background proportioned 4:7 as state flags. This is what vexillologists call an S.O.B — seal on a bed sheet, and these violate most “guiding principles” for good flag design.According to the International Federation of Vexillological Associations (FIAV), the five basic rules for good flag design are:

1. Keep it simple
2. Use meaningful symbolism
3. Use two to three basic colors
4. No lettering or seals
5. Be distinctive or be related

Mexillology is an exploration of unique flags for each one of Mexico’s 32 federal entities. These are based on background research of their current coats of arms, history, famous sites, architecture, traditions, and clothing. The purpose of this project is to shed light on the most important aspects of Mexico’s history and the uniqueness of each place.

 

Book Spreads

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flags

Featured
 1. AGUASCALIENTES: A yellow background represents the state’s warm climate. This flag features a droplet, relating to the hot springs that are a main feature of the state.  Read more >

1. AGUASCALIENTES: A yellow background represents the state’s warm climate. This flag features a droplet, relating to the hot springs that are a main feature of the state. Read more >

 2. BAJA CALIFORNIA: A blue background represents the two important bodies of water surrounding the state. This flag highlights the importance of this state’s coast as a birthing ground for gray whales.  Read more >

2. BAJA CALIFORNIA: A blue background represents the two important bodies of water surrounding the state. This flag highlights the importance of this state’s coast as a birthing ground for gray whales. Read more >

 3. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: A blue background represents two important bodies of water (the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California) surrounding the state. This flag features a giant cardón, the tallest cactus species in the world, native to northweste

3. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: A blue background represents two important bodies of water (the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California) surrounding the state. This flag features a giant cardón, the tallest cactus species in the world, native to northwestern Mexico. Read more >

 4. CAMPECHE: This flag features a frame representing the city of Campeche’s walls, built to protect it from pirate attacks. Like the state’s coat of arms, the tower signifies the strength of Campecheans in the defense of their land.  Read more >

4. CAMPECHE: This flag features a frame representing the city of Campeche’s walls, built to protect it from pirate attacks. Like the state’s coat of arms, the tower signifies the strength of Campecheans in the defense of their land. Read more >

 5. CHIAPAS: A hot pink color, known as “Rosa Mexicano,” signifies the state’s large number of indigenous language speakers. The yellow peaks serve as a reminder of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation’s struggle for indigenous rights.  Read mor

5. CHIAPAS: A hot pink color, known as “Rosa Mexicano,” signifies the state’s large number of indigenous language speakers. The yellow peaks serve as a reminder of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation’s struggle for indigenous rights. Read more >

 6. CHIHUAHUA: This flag features three green triangles representing the state’s plateau and mountains, a major feature of the state. The bands across the top represent the red cloth headbands worn by the indigenous Tarahumara people.  Read more >

6. CHIHUAHUA: This flag features three green triangles representing the state’s plateau and mountains, a major feature of the state. The bands across the top represent the red cloth headbands worn by the indigenous Tarahumara people. Read more >

 7. COAHUILA: Bright, colorful stripes of uneven thickness depict the pattern on a serape, a long blanket-like shawl originated in Coahuila.  Read more >

7. COAHUILA: Bright, colorful stripes of uneven thickness depict the pattern on a serape, a long blanket-like shawl originated in Coahuila. Read more >

 8. COLIMA: This flag features the Colima Volcano, the country’s most active volcano. The pattern on the right-hand side represents the dorsal fin of the sailfish, relating to Manzanillo’s reputation as the “Sailfish Capital of the World.”  Read more

8. COLIMA: This flag features the Colima Volcano, the country’s most active volcano. The pattern on the right-hand side represents the dorsal fin of the sailfish, relating to Manzanillo’s reputation as the “Sailfish Capital of the World.” Read more >

 9. DISTRITO FEDERAL: This flag features an eagle grasping a green snake in its beak symbolizing the Aztec myth of the foundation of Tenochtitlán. A blue background serves as a reminder of Mexico City’s original establishment on an island on Lake Tex

9. DISTRITO FEDERAL: This flag features an eagle grasping a green snake in its beak symbolizing the Aztec myth of the foundation of Tenochtitlán. A blue background serves as a reminder of Mexico City’s original establishment on an island on Lake Texcoco. Read more >

 10. DURANGO: Two orange bands across the top and bottom represent the state’ssemi- desert landscapes. Durango’s reputation as the “old west” and its importance in the film industry is symbolized with a tall cowboy hat.  Read more >

10. DURANGO: Two orange bands across the top and bottom represent the state’ssemi- desert landscapes. Durango’s reputation as the “old west” and its importance in the film industry is symbolized with a tall cowboy hat. Read more >

 11. GUANAJUATO: This flag features a torch, representative of the Pípila’s torch, used to set fire to the door of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas, which allowed the insurgents to enter and win their first battle of the War of Independence.  Read more &g

11. GUANAJUATO: This flag features a torch, representative of the Pípila’s torch, used to set fire to the door of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas, which allowed the insurgents to enter and win their first battle of the War of Independence. Read more >

 12. GUERRERO: An orange and blue background represents both the state’s warm climate and oceans. This flag features a white cliff and descending dots, which symbolize the cliff divers of La Quebrada, Acapulco.  Read more >

12. GUERRERO: An orange and blue background represents both the state’s warm climate and oceans. This flag features a white cliff and descending dots, which symbolize the cliff divers of La Quebrada, Acapulco. Read more >

 13. HIDALGO: This flag highlights Hidalgo as the birthplace of Mexican soccer through the use of a pattern, symbolizing that of a soccer ball.  Read more >

13. HIDALGO: This flag highlights Hidalgo as the birthplace of Mexican soccer through the use of a pattern, symbolizing that of a soccer ball. Read more >

 14. JALISCO: This flag features an agave plant used in the production of tequila, symbolizing Jalisco as the heart of tequila manufacturing. The pattern across the top represents Mariachi bands, traditional Mexican folk music.  Read more >

14. JALISCO: This flag features an agave plant used in the production of tequila, symbolizing Jalisco as the heart of tequila manufacturing. The pattern across the top represents Mariachi bands, traditional Mexican folk music. Read more >

 15. MEXICO: This flag symbolizes Teotihuacán’s Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon, two of the most powerful monuments from Mesoamerica.  Read more >

15. MEXICO: This flag symbolizes Teotihuacán’s Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon, two of the most powerful monuments from Mesoamerica. Read more >

 16. MICHOACAN: A green background represents the state’s natural parks. This flag features a Monarch butterfly, symbolizing the millions of butterflies arriving to Michoacán each year. The pattern on the right-hand side depicts its famous aqueduct.

16. MICHOACAN: A green background represents the state’s natural parks. This flag features a Monarch butterfly, symbolizing the millions of butterflies arriving to Michoacán each year. The pattern on the right-hand side depicts its famous aqueduct. Read more >

Featured
 17. MORELOS: An orange background represents the state’s warm temperature. This flag features a flower, symbolic of the state’s eternal spring.  Read more >    

17. MORELOS: An orange background represents the state’s warm temperature. This flag features a flower, symbolic of the state’s eternal spring. Read more >

 

 18. NAYARIT: This flag highlights Nayarit’s Cora and Huichol indigenous groups through the use of an intricate and colorful pattern, symbolizing those found on their crafts.  Read more >

18. NAYARIT: This flag highlights Nayarit’s Cora and Huichol indigenous groups through the use of an intricate and colorful pattern, symbolizing those found on their crafts. Read more >

 19. NUEVO LEON: This flag features manufacturing plants, which highlight the importance of Nuevo León as an industrial state.  Read more >

19. NUEVO LEON: This flag features manufacturing plants, which highlight the importance of Nuevo León as an industrial state. Read more >

 20. OAXACA: This flag features a chapulín, or grasshopper, which is a gastronomical symbol of the Oaxacan people.  Read more >

20. OAXACA: This flag features a chapulín, or grasshopper, which is a gastronomical symbol of the Oaxacan people. Read more >

 21. PUEBLA: A blue-and-white color palette relates to the state’s authentic talavera pottery. This flag features Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, as humans, looking directly at each other, which symbolizes the legend of the foundation of the volcanoes

21. PUEBLA: A blue-and-white color palette relates to the state’s authentic talavera pottery. This flag features Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, as humans, looking directly at each other, which symbolizes the legend of the foundation of the volcanoes. Read more >

 22. QUERETARO: This flag features a hair comb, symbolizing that worn by Doña Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez, a hero of Mexican Independence. The pattern on the left-hand side represents Querétaro’s famous aqueduct.  Read more >

22. QUERETARO: This flag features a hair comb, symbolizing that worn by Doña Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez, a hero of Mexican Independence. The pattern on the left-hand side represents Querétaro’s famous aqueduct. Read more >

 23. QUINTANA ROO: A red background represents the state’s highly warm and humid climate. The blue and yellow stripes across the bottom are symbolic of the oceans. This flag features a rising sun, representing Quintana Roo’s well-known beautiful beac

23. QUINTANA ROO: A red background represents the state’s highly warm and humid climate. The blue and yellow stripes across the bottom are symbolic of the oceans. This flag features a rising sun, representing Quintana Roo’s well-known beautiful beaches. Read more >

 24. SAN LUIS POTOSI: This flag features a quill pen, representing the poet Francisco González Bocanegra, author of the Mexican national anthem. The color palette is representative of the state’s silver and gold mines.  Read more >

24. SAN LUIS POTOSI: This flag features a quill pen, representing the poet Francisco González Bocanegra, author of the Mexican national anthem. The color palette is representative of the state’s silver and gold mines. Read more >

 25. SINALOA: This flag features a tomato, highlighting the importance of this crop in Sinaloa’s agriculture.  Read more >

25. SINALOA: This flag features a tomato, highlighting the importance of this crop in Sinaloa’s agriculture. Read more >

 26. SONORA: This flag features deer antlers and a pair of maracas, representing the famous “Dance of the Deer,” native to Sonora.  Read more >

26. SONORA: This flag features deer antlers and a pair of maracas, representing the famous “Dance of the Deer,” native to Sonora. Read more >

 27. TABASCO: A yellow background represents the state’s warm climate. This flag features one of the massive head sculptures of the Olmec civilization discovered in the area.  Read more >

27. TABASCO: A yellow background represents the state’s warm climate. This flag features one of the massive head sculptures of the Olmec civilization discovered in the area. Read more >

 28. TAMAULIPAS: This flag features a red background with long fringes, symbolizing the cuera tamaulipeca, a traditional jacket made from calfskin or deer suede, representing the state of Tamaulipas.  Read more >

28. TAMAULIPAS: This flag features a red background with long fringes, symbolizing the cuera tamaulipeca, a traditional jacket made from calfskin or deer suede, representing the state of Tamaulipas. Read more >

 29. TLAXCALA: This flag features a corn cob, highlighting the importance of the state’s name as the “place of corn bread (tortilla).”  Read more >

29. TLAXCALA: This flag features a corn cob, highlighting the importance of the state’s name as the “place of corn bread (tortilla).” Read more >

 30. VERACRUZ: A blue background highlights the importance of the state’s port. This flag features the ritual of the Voladores de Papantla, where four fliers launch themselves from the top of a pole and spin around, a native tradition of Veracruz.  R

30. VERACRUZ: A blue background highlights the importance of the state’s port. This flag features the ritual of the Voladores de Papantla, where four fliers launch themselves from the top of a pole and spin around, a native tradition of Veracruz. Read more >

 31. YUCATAN: A hot pink color, known as “Rosa Mexicano,” signifies the state’s large number of indigenous language speakers. This flag features a pyramid, symbolizing the state’s Mayan ruins sites.  Read more >

31. YUCATAN: A hot pink color, known as “Rosa Mexicano,” signifies the state’s large number of indigenous language speakers. This flag features a pyramid, symbolizing the state’s Mayan ruins sites. Read more >

 32. ZACATECAS: This flag features a mining helmet, representing the state’s history as a centre of mining. The pattern across the bottom represents Zacatecas’ famous aqueduct.  Read more >

32. ZACATECAS: This flag features a mining helmet, representing the state’s history as a centre of mining. The pattern across the bottom represents Zacatecas’ famous aqueduct. Read more >